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Do you pay taxes when you sell your house? Capital gains and the $250k/$500k exclusion When you sell your main home, you are taxed on the gain, not the sale price, and a long-standing IRS rule lets most sellers exclude a large chunk of that gain entirely. A single owner can exclude up to $250,000 of gain and a married couple filing jointly up to $500,000, as long as they owned and lived in the home for at least two of the last five years. This guide walks through who qualifies, how to compute gain from your cost basis, the rates that apply to anything above the exclusion, and the special cases for rentals, partial moves, and reporting at closing. Closing and costs, step by step Closing is mostly other people's work. A title or escrow company, or an attorney in some states, clears the title, the lender finalizes the loan, and you sign. Know the three-day Closing Disclosure rule and the short list of fees that come out of each side, and you can usually avoid surprises at the table. How much does it cost to sell a house without a realtor? An itemized 2026 ledger Selling without a listing agent commonly runs about $1,000 to $4,000 in out-of-pocket costs (flat-fee MLS, photos, attorney, optional appraisal), plus an optional owner's title policy and whatever you choose to offer a buyer's agent. On a $400,000 home that is a small fraction of the roughly $20,000 to $24,000 a full 5 to 6 percent commission would have cost. Do I need a lawyer to sell my house? Who draws up the contract in a FSBO sale In about a dozen states an attorney is effectively required to close a residential sale. Everywhere else it is optional but often smart. When you do not use a lawyer, the contract is usually your state association's standard purchase form, completed by you or the title company, and a flat-fee attorney review runs roughly $500 to $1,500. Documents you need to sell a house yourself Selling without an agent does not mean handling a stack of mystery forms alone. The paperwork falls into three clear stages, and a title or escrow company prepares most of the closing documents for you. This guide lists each document, who produces it, and why it matters, so nothing surprises you mid-sale. Earnest money: how much, who holds it, and when it is refundable Earnest money is the buyer's good-faith deposit, paid when an offer is accepted and held by a neutral third party, never by you. It signals the buyer is serious, and it is credited back to the buyer at closing. The hard part is knowing when it is refundable and when it is forfeited, which comes down to the contingencies and deadlines written into the contract. Discount and low-commission brokers: the middle option, explained A discount or low-commission broker sits between selling fully on your own and hiring a traditional agent. You still get a licensed agent who lists, markets, and helps negotiate, but at a reduced listing fee, often around 1 to 2 percent. There are three different models, each with its own catch, and a flat minimum fee can quietly erase the saving on a lower-priced home. Flat-fee MLS listing: how to get on the MLS without a full agent A flat-fee MLS listing pays a licensed broker a fixed fee (commonly about $95 to $500, more for full packages) to place your home on the local MLS, which then syndicates to the big portals where most buyers shop. You keep control of showings, negotiation, and your commission decisions. The most common FSBO mistakes, and how to avoid each one Selling without an agent is a real way to keep tens of thousands of dollars, but the savings only show up if you avoid the handful of mistakes that sink most FSBO sales. They are predictable and almost all preventable. This guide names each one, explains why it costs money, and hands you the fix. The purchase agreement, explained: the FSBO sale contract The purchase agreement is the document that actually sells your home. It names the parties, fixes the price, sets the deposit, and lists every condition the deal must clear before money changes hands. This guide reads the contract section by section so you understand what you are signing, then points you to the safest place to get one, your state real estate commission's standard form, a real estate attorney, or your title or settlement company, rather than a fill-in-the-blank template off the open web. Get mortgage ready before you shop Get a real pre-approval before you tour homes. It sets your budget and makes your offers credible, which matters more when you have no agent vouching for you. Then shop at least three lenders inside a short window, because the credit checks count as one and the savings are real. The home appraisal, for sellers: what to expect and what to do if it comes in low The appraisal is not your inspection and it is not your listing price. It is the buyer's lender ordering an independent opinion of value, after you are under contract, to make sure it is not lending more than the home is worth. Most of the time it confirms the price and you move on. When it comes in low and there is no agent in the room, you have three real options, and a little preparation tilts the odds in your favor. How to photograph and present your home to sell Your photos do most of the selling. They are the single most useful thing a buyer looks at, and every buyer starts online, so getting them right matters more than almost anything else you will do. You do not need a professional or an expensive camera. A recent phone, good light, a tidy home, and a handful of angles will carry you most of the way. How to tell if a buyer is real: qualifying offers without an agent Without a listing agent, screening buyers is your job. A serious buyer can show you something: a recent mortgage pre-approval on the lender's letterhead, or proof of funds if they are paying cash. This guide explains what to ask before a showing, how to read the documents, why a financing contingency and appraisal still matter even with a pre-approval, and the red flags and scams that should make you slow down. How to read your settlement statement and seller net sheet Your settlement statement is the receipt for your sale. It starts with the sale price as a credit to you, then subtracts every cost: the mortgage payoff, title and escrow fees, transfer tax, recording, prorated taxes and HOA dues, and any concession you agreed to. The bottom line is your net to seller. A net sheet is the estimate of that number you get up front; the settlement statement is the final, signed version. How to sell your house to a family member without a realtor (legally and fairly) Yes, you can sell your house to a family member without a realtor, and you keep the agent commission. The keys are pricing it from real comparables instead of a token $1, documenting an arm's length deal in writing, handling any below-market discount as a gift of equity with the IRS rules in mind, and closing through a title company or attorney. How to stage your home to sell: a room-by-room checklist Staging is not decoration. It is the work of removing whatever stops a buyer from picturing their own life in the space, so the rooms read as larger, cleaner, and ready to move into. You can do almost all of it yourself for close to nothing with a single routine repeated in every room, which is to declutter, depersonalize, deep-clean, light, then arrange. This guide walks that routine through the whole house and is honest about where paying a professional earns its fee. How to write a real estate listing description that sells Your photos get the click; your description closes the gap between the click and the showing. A good one is short, specific, and honest. It leads with the one thing that makes the home stand out, gives the facts a buyer needs to qualify it, and stays clear of hype and of any language a fair-housing rule prohibits. This guide gives you the structure, the words to use and avoid, and rewrites you can copy. Is selling your house yourself worth it? An honest answer It depends on three things: whether you already have a buyer, whether your home is easy to price, and whether you can commit the time. FSBO wins on simple, well-priced sales where you control the process. It struggles on complex or hard-to-price homes when you cannot put in the hours. The commission you keep is real money, but so is the lower median price NAR found for unprepared FSBO sellers, and the fix for that is comparables, not an agent. List and market your home for sale by owner A flat-fee MLS listing puts your home in the same database agents use, which feeds Zillow, Redfin, and Realtor.com. After that, your photos do most of the selling. Spend on a good listing and good pictures before you spend on anything else. Reading offers and negotiating your own sale Price is one line of an offer. Financing strength, the earnest money, the contingencies, the closing date, and what the buyer asks you to pay can matter more than a few thousand dollars. Learn to read the whole offer, then counter on terms, not just the number. How to price your home without an agent Your price is set by what similar nearby homes actually sold for in the last few months, not your assessment, not what you paid, and not what you need. Get it right at launch, because the first two weeks draw the most attention and overpricing wastes them. Seller disclosures and the documents a sale needs Most states require you to give a buyer a written disclosure of the home's known condition, and federal law adds a lead-paint disclosure for homes built before 1978. The safest rule is simple. If you know about a defect, write it down. Hiding a known problem is how owners get sued after closing. Make an offer without an agent Use your state's standard purchase contract, ground your price in real comparable sales, and protect yourself with inspection, appraisal, and financing contingencies. Because the seller is no longer assumed to be paying a buyer agent, ask them to credit that money toward your price or closing costs instead. Selling to a cash buyer or iBuyer: the fast off-market path, honestly A cash sale buys you speed and certainty and costs you price. That can be a fair trade when you need it, an inherited or distressed property, a tight timeline, a home that will not pass a financed buyer's appraisal, but it is a poor default for an ordinary, sellable home with equity and time. This guide separates the three very different buyers people lump together, puts honest numbers on the discount, and flags the scams that cluster on the investor end. We do not sell cash offers, so this is the version no one with a quota will give you. What the 2024 commission rules changed, and what they did not Buyer-agent pay can no longer be posted on the MLS, and an agent now needs a signed agreement before showing a buyer a home. Commissions were always negotiable and still are. Selling or buying on your own, you decide what, if anything, the other side's agent gets paid. Title insurance when you sell: owner's vs lender's, and who pays Title insurance is a one-time premium paid at closing that protects against problems in a home's ownership history. There are two separate policies, the owner's and the lender's, and as a seller the only question that affects your bottom line is who customarily pays for the owner's policy. That custom varies by state and even by county, it is custom and not law, and it is always negotiable. This guide explains both policies, the title search that precedes them, and how the cost lands on your settlement statement. What "escrow" means when you sell a house When you sell, "escrow" almost always means the neutral third party that holds the buyer's deposit, the documents, and the money, and disburses everything at closing once both sides have done their part. That is a different thing from a mortgage escrow account, which is the buyer's monthly fund for taxes and insurance and is not your concern as a seller. This guide keeps the two apart and walks you through what actually happens during the escrow period.
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